exite1985 und diese(r) Dr. Amy Yasko, wer auch immer das sein mag - machen wirkliche Lösungen für die Schizophrenie madig! Fakt ist, die meisten Schizophrenen haben einen erhöhten Homocysteinspiegel und dieses Zellgift wird, wenn nicht wieder in S-Adenosylmethionin oder L-Cystein umgewandelt toxisch und moduliert die Gehirnchemie. Gleichzeitig haben viele Leute die Stimmen im Kopf hören einen Vitamin D3 Mangel, was sich auf das Glutaminerge System im Gehirn auswirkt, wo die Calciumionen die Permeabilität am NMDA System bestimmen. Ich hatte es selbst in der Klinik getestet an einen Kollegen der trotz Zyprexa und Risperidon stimmen hörte. Am dritten Tag hörte er keine mehr als er die Tage zuvor 60.0000 IE D3 und 200mcg K2 einnahm. Er selbst war nicht überzeugt. Und nahm das Vitamin D3 nicht mehr ein und er hörte wieder Stimmen als sich der Spiegel wieder senkte. Daher exite1985 du Laberkopf und Firmenbewerber, was ist deine Symptomatik? Hier wird nichts gelöscht, weil Erfahrungsaustausch von der Meinungsfreiheit abgedeckt ist.
Du laberst einfach Unsinn und gegen deinen Unsinn helfen nur Fakten!
Ach ja, bin gerade wieder um 3:30 aufgewacht. Typisches Zeichen das der Melatoninstoffwechsel gestört ist, also habe ich mir gerade 2000mcg Hydroxocobalaminacetat injiziert, weil ich gesund bleiben will und diese Durchschlafstörungen für mich ein Marker sind, dass Melatonin unter anderem auch mit Stickstoffmonoxid als No/Peroxinitrit Scavenger reagiert, siehe Prof. Dr Martin Pall und ich diese Aufgabe seit dem letzten Rückfall nach sieben Jahren, lieber dem Hydroxocobalamin zuspreche, weil B12 bei Schizophrenen im Gehirn/Rückenmarkflüssigkeit fehlt ;-)
Quellen
Geagea K and Ananth J. Response of a psychiatric patient to vitamin-B12 therapy. Diseases of the Nervous System 36, 3: 342-344, 1975.
Lindenbaum J, Healton EB, Savage DG, et al: Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 1720 –1728
Healton EB, Savage DG, Brust JC, et al: Neurologic aspects of cobalamin deficiency. Medicine (Baltimore) 1991; 70:229–245
Mitsuyama Y and Kogoh H. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid vitamin B12 levels in demented patients with CH3- B12 treatment – preliminary study. Japanese Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology 42, 1: 65 -71, 1988.
VanTiggelen CJM, Peperkamp JPC and TerToolen JFW. Vitamin-B12 levels of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with organic mental disorder. Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry 12: 305-311, 1983.
Dommisse, J. (1991). Subtle vitamin-B12 deficiency and psychiatry: a largely unnoticed but devastating relationship?. Medical hypotheses, 34(2), 131-140.
Dror, D. K., & Allen, L. H. (2008). Effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on neurodevelopment in infants: current knowledge and possible mechanisms. Nutrition reviews, 66(5), 250-255.
Tiemeier H, van Tuijl HR, Hofman A, et al: Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine in depression: The Rotterdam Study. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:2099–2101
Hintikka J, Tolmunen T, Tanskanen A, et al: High vitamin B12 level and good treatment outcome may be associated in major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2003; 3:17
Coppen, A., & Bolander-Gouaille, C. (2005). Treatment of depression: time to consider folic acid and vitamin B12. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 19(1), 59-65.
Almeida, O.P., Ford, A.H. and Flicker, L. (2015) ‘Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of folate and vitamin B12 for depression’, International Psychogeriatrics, 27(5), pp. 77–737
Mischoulon, D., & Fava, M. (2002). Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 76(5), 1158S-1161S.
Papakostas, G. I., Alpert, J. E., & Fava, M. (2003). S-adenosyl-methionine in depression: a comprehensive review of the literature. Current psychiatry reports, 5(6), 460-466.
Hickie I, Scott E, Naismith S, Ward PB, Turner K, Parker G, Mitchell P, Wilhelm K. Late-onset depression: genetic, vascular and clinical contributions. Psychol Med. 2001 Nov;31(8):1403-12.
Gilbody, S., Lewis, S., & Lightfoot, T. (2007). Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genetic polymorphisms and psychiatric disorders: a HuGE review. American journal of epidemiology, 165(1), 1-13.
Bjelland, I., Tell, G. S., Vollset, S. E., Refsum, H., & Ueland, P. M. (2003). Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and the MTHFR 677C? T polymorphism in anxiety and depression: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(6), 618-626.
Stahl, S. M. (2007). Novel therapeutics for depression: L-methylfolate as a trimonoamine modulator and antidepressant-augmenting agent. CNS spectrums, 12(10), 739-744.
Silver H. Vitamin B12 levels are low in hospitalized psychiatric patients. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2000; 37(1): 41-5.
Saedisomeolia, Ahmad, et al. „Folate and vitamin B12 status in schizophrenic patients.“ Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 16 (2011).
Levine, J., Stahl, Z., Sela, B. A., Gavendo, S., Ruderman, V., & Belmaker, R. H. (2002). Elevated homocysteine levels in young male patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(10), 1790-1792.
Muntjewerff, J. W., Kahn, R. S., Blom, H. J., & den Heijer, M. (2006). Homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and risk of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Molecular psychiatry, 11(2), 143-149.
Nishi, A., Numata, S., Tajima, A., Kinoshita, M., Kikuchi, K., Shimodera, S., … & Takeda, M. (2014). Meta-analyses of blood homocysteine levels for gender and genetic association studies of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia bulletin, 40(5), 1154-1163
Godfrey PS, Toone BK, Carney MW, Flynn TG, Bottiglieri T, Laundy M, et al. Enhancement of recovery from psychiatric ill- ness by methylfolate. Lancet. 1990;336(8712):392–5.
Roffman, J. L., Lamberti, J. S., Achtyes, E., Macklin, E. A., Galendez, G. C., Raeke, L. H., … & Goff, D. C. (2013). Randomized multicenter investigation of folate plus vitamin B12 supplementation in schizophrenia. JAMA psychiatry, 70(5), 481-489.
Levine J, Stahl Z, Sela BA, Ruderman V, Shumaico O, Ba- bushkin I, et al. Homocysteine-reducing strategies improve symptoms in chronic schizophrenic patients with hyperhomocy- steinemia. Biological Psychiatry. 2006;60(3):265–9.
Brown, H. E., & Roffman, J. L. (2014). Vitamin supplementation in the treatment of schizophrenia. CNS drugs, 28(7), 611-622.
Evans DL, Edelsohn GA, Golden RN: Organic psychosis without anemia or spinal cord symptoms in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140:218–221
Hart, R. J., & McCurdy, P. R. (1971). Psychosis in vitamin B12 deficiency. Archives of internal medicine, 128(4), 596-597.
Payinda G, Hansen T: Vitamin B12 deficiency manifested as psychosis without anemia. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:660–661
Herr KD, Norris ER, Frankel BL: Acute psychosis in a patient with vitamin B12 deficiency and coincident cervical stenosis. Psychosomatics 2002; 43:234–236
Masalha R, Chudakov B, Muhamad M, et al: Cobalamin-responsive psychosis as the sole manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency. Isr Med Assoc J 2001; 3:701–703
Zhang, Y., Hodgson, N. W., Trivedi, M. S., Abdolmaleky, H. M., Fournier, M., Cuenod, M., … & Deth, R. C. (2016). Decreased brain levels of vitamin B12 in aging, autism and schizophrenia. PloS one, 11(1), e0146797.
Goggans FC: A case of mania secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency. Am J Psychiatry 1984; 141:300–301
Gomez-Bernal GJ, Bernal-Perez M: Vitamin B12 deficiency manifested as mania: a case report. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 9:238
Jacobs LG, Bloom HG, Behrman FZ: Mania and a gait disorder due to cobalamin deficiency. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990; 38:473–474
Verbanck PM, Le Bon O: Changing psychiatric symptoms in a patient with vitamin B12 deficiency. J Clin Psychiatry 1991; 52:182–183
Brambilla P, Bellani M, Yeh PH, et al: White-matter connectivity in bipolar disorder. Int Rev Psychiatry 2009; 21:380–386
Moore, E., Mander, A., Ames, D., Carne, R., Sanders, K., & Watters, D. (2012). Cognitive impairment and vitamin B12: a review. International psychogeriatrics, 24(04), 541-556.
Morris MC, Schneider JA, Tangney CC: Thoughts on B-vitamins and dementia. J Alzheimer Dis 2006; 9:429–433
Smith AD: The worldwide challenge of the dementias: a role for B vitamins and homocysteine? Food Nutr Bull 2008; 29: S143–S172
Clarke, R. et al. (2007). Low vitamin B-12 status and risk of cognitive decline in older adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 86, 1384–1391.
Wang HX, Wahlin A, Basun H, et al: Vitamin B12 and folate in relation to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 2001; 56:1188–1194
Abyad, A. (2002). Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among demented patients and cognitive recovery with cobalamin replacement. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 6, 254–260.
Martin, D. C., Francis, J., Protetch, J. and Huff, F. J. (1992). Time dependency of cognitive recovery with cobalamin replacement: report of a pilot study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40, 168–172.
Werder SF: Cobalamin deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, and dementia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2010; 6:159–195
Hutto BR: Folate and cobalamin in psychiatric illness. Compr Psychiatry 1997; 38:305–314
Leeming R J, Harpey JP, Brown SM, Blair JA. Tetrahydrofolate and hydroxycobalamin in the management of dihydropteridine reductase deficiency. J Ment Defic Res 1982;26:21-25.
Spillmann, M., & Fava, M. (1996). S-Adenosylmethionine (Ademetionine) in psychiatric disorders. Cns Drugs, 6(6), 416-425.
Bottiglieri, T., Hyland, K., & Reynolds, E. H. (1994). The clinical potential of ademetionine (S-adenosylmethionine) in neurological disorders. Drugs, 48(2), 137-152.
Bottiglieri, T., Laundy, M., Crellin, R., Toone, B. K., Carney, M. W., & Reynolds, E. H. (2000). Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 69(2), 228-232.
Mukherjee, R., & Brasch, N. E. (2011). Mechanistic studies on the reaction between cob (II) alamin and peroxynitrite: evidence for a dual role for cob (II) alamin as a scavenger of peroxynitrous acid and nitrogen dioxide. Chemistry–A European Journal, 17(42), 11805-11812.
Wheatley, C. (2007). The return of the Scarlet Pimpernel: cobalamin in inflammation II—cobalamins can both selectively promote all three nitric oxide synthases (NOS), particularly iNOS and eNOS, and, as needed, selectively inhibit iNOS and nNOS. Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine, 16(3-4), 181-211.
Birch, C. S., Brasch, N. E., McCaddon, A., & Williams, J. H. (2009). A novel role for vitamin B 12: Cobalamins are intracellular antioxidants in vitro. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 47(2), 184-188.
livLee, Y. J., Wang, M. Y., Lin, M. C., & Lin, P. T. (2016). Associations between Vitamin B-12 Status and Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Diabetic Vegetarians and Omnivores. Nutrients, 8(3), 118.
Altaie, A. (2009). Novel anti-oxidant properties of cobalamin.
Scalabrino G, Buccellato FR, Veber D, Mutti E. New basis for the neurotrophic action of vitamin B12. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41 :1435–7.
Scalabrino G. Cobalamin (vitamin B12) in subacute com- bined degeneration and beyond: traditional interpretations and novel theories. Exp Neurol 2005; 192 :463–79.
Scalabrino, G. (2009). The multi-faceted basis of vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) neurotrophism in adult central nervous system: lessons learned from its deficiency. Progress in neurobiology, 88(3), 203-220.
Peracchi M, Bamonti Catena F, Pomati M, De Franceschi M, Scalabrino G. Human cobalamin deficiency: alterations in serum tumour necrosis factor- a and epidermal growth factor. Exp J Haematol 2001; 67 :123–7.