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Nachricht: <blockquote data-quote="MakeMyDay" data-source="post: 29883" data-attributes="member: 1127">Hi,nachdem ich jetzt gerade die Hälfte meiner Füllungen geschafft habe, möchte ich Euch kurz folgenden Artikel nicht vorenthalten. Man bekommt Molybdän übrigens in der Apotheke. "I've been sitting on a post about molybdenum for several weeks. As some of you know, I suffered low-level mercury poisoning for several years after a filling cracked. Molybdenum is a crucial trace mineral needed for the synthesis of metallothionein, which moves heavy metals out through the kidneys. Like several other conditions, mercury poisoning can easily deplete the body's supply of molybdenum by overtaxing metallothionein during detox. Unfortunately, there's no readily available commercial test a doctor can order to check for molybdenum deficiency and it's not exactly a mineral you can safely overdose on when supplementing. This basically means you have to check your symptoms and wing it, which I did with some success. I'm currently taking about 300mcg of molybdenum daily - about twice what the doctor recommended. I began with 150mcg and within hours of my first dose, a couple of my symptoms improved dramatically. The itching and flaking from minoxidil vanished. My allergies to mold improved as did my fatigue. It was quite remarkable. As I'll show in this posting, molybdenum is fundamental to many metabolic processes yet poorly studied and rarely the focus of professional medical treatment. Because I've heard people complaining about some of these same symptoms over the years, I thought I'd outline what you might experience with molybdenum deficiency, the role molybdenum plays in the body and some of the scant recent research into molybdenum. This should help give you any idea if it's worth trying. You should consider molybdenum deficiency if you've had + metals poisoning + diabetes or insulin resistance + allergy/sensitivity to yeast/fungus/molds or foods with sulfites (e.g., wine) + other mineral deficiencies (magnesium, zinc, copper, etc.) + intolerance to alcohol and/or alcohol sugars like sorbitol (either ingested or applied topically); maybe even intolerance to propylene glycol + unexplained inflammation or hormone overactivity/underactivity (molybdenum is necessary for proper functioning of steroid and glucocorticoid receptors) + problems with nitric oxide generation, low tetrahydrobiopterin(BH4) or high homocysteine + oxidative stress (high lipid peroxide or TBARS) + chronic fungal infections like rhinitis (fungi convert sugars into alcohol and can also generate formaldehyde, ammonia, acetaldehyde and other toxic byproducts which are metabolized by molybdenum-containing enzymes; molybdenum deficiency causes these byproducts to back up to damaging levels) + unexplained chronic fatigue/insomnia + difficulties processing purines like adenosine + sugar/carb cravings + alcoholism + chemical sensitivities/intolerances (e.g., aldehydes accumulate in the body from car exhaust, carpets, glues, cleaners and other parts of modern living) From academic sources and more informal conversations, I've pieced together that molybdenum is directly or indirectly crucial for the synthesis of aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, superoxide dismutase and BH4 (tetrahydrobiopterin). Aldehyde dehydrogenase generates aldehydes and ketones from alcohol. With adequate levels of molybdenum the body can metabolize alcohol and acetaldehyde into Acetyl-CoA, a source of cellular energy (hence the fatigue with molybdenum deficiency). It can also convert the sulfites found in wines into taurine - which is why in a molybdenum-deficient patient wine can cause headaches and other adverse reactions. In general, folic acid, B12 and molybdenum - through various pathways and with some assistance from glutamine - all help detoxify the ammonia generated from sulfurous amino acids. A high homocysteine reading is a good indication you've got a problem in this area. Excessive aldehydes and ammonia may also screw up serotonin/tryptophan/B6 metabolism, resulting in sleep disturbances, altered immunity and neurotransmitter disruptions. (B6 is itself necessary for metabolizing aldehydes.) Xanthine oxidoreductase catabolizes purines like adenosine. Superoxide dismutase is an antioxidant enzyme which reduces superoxide to less hazardous radicals. BH4 stabilizes the generation of nitric oxide from arginine. Without adequate levels of BH4 - a condition common in diabetics - the body generates hazardous levels of superoxide and peroxynitrite instead of beneficial nitric oxide. Over the years, I've outlined various conditions which involve inadequate nitric oxide signaling (COPD, diabetes, menopause, fibrosis, baldness - even Crohn's and IBD <https://www.newscientist.com/channel/health/dn8759.html>) and new treatments (PDE inhibitors/cGMP agonists like theophylline and viagra; SOD mimetics). You may wish to review my past postings on the subject. Just as magnesium deficiency can lead to lack of adequate nitric oxide levels [PMIDs 15607643, 11425281], so too can molybdenum deficiency. In summation, I believe it's time to consider this important trace mineral's role in the body's oxidant/antioxidant balance and growth hormone axis. ----- Notes ----- in diabetics, Mo supplementation improves lipid peroxide levels (xLDL), triglycerides and cholesterol while boosting all sorts of antioxidant enzymes [PMID 15193982]; Mo improves infection-fighting by the immune system in diabetics [PMID 12686492] Mo is important for progesterone and glucocorticoid (antiinflammatory) signaling [PMID 15774497]; sodium molybdate stabilizes steroid hormone receptors; molybdenum may have an inhibitory effect on androgen receptor binding [PMID 4010286] and can sometimes block the AR from binding to its DNA response elements; sodium molybdate inhibits the salt-induced transformation of the receptor to a DNA-binding state but did not inhibit DNA binding of the receptor transformed previously in the absence of molybdate [PMID 6714164]; in other models, exogenous sodium molybdate inhibits activation of estrogen and androgen receptors in rat uterus and liver [PMID 8363596]; testosterone elevates levels of aldehyde oxidase in the liver of rats and testosterone can give female rats levels similar to male rats [PMID 10377246] (these are all suggestive papers; I can't find any good, direct research on what molybdenum intake does on steroid signaling in real humans) Mo is very important to enzymes which metabolize carbohydrates [PMID 11834216]. Sodium molybdate (Na2Mo4) has a protective effect against the acute toxicity of mercury chloride (HgCl2) in rats, encouraging the urinary excretion of mercury and it improves kidney function compared to rats who receive only the mercury exposure [PMID 2347021] Mo rescues bacterial growth when it's inhibited by the presence of mercury [PMID 10966396] (which connects oral mercury poisoning directly with leaky gut syndrome; mercury kills the friendly bacteria protecting the gut lining); rats placed in stressful situations had fewer gut problems if they were fed water laced with probiotics (lactobacillus helveticus and l. rhamnosus); chronic stress sensitizes the gut the dietary allergens and makes the gut leaky, increasing the amount of harmful bacteria sticking to the gut lining; these harmful bacteria also infiltrated the mesenteric lymph nodes which drain fluid from the intestine, thus the bad bacteria had entered the body and activated the immune system; probiotics minimized the changes in chemical signaling and prevented the bad bacteria from sticking and moving into the lymph system probably because the good bacteria competed with the bad bacteria for ecological space, dampening down the inflammatory response <https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4938020.stm> a diet high in sulfur- and sulfate-containing foods increases relapse in the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis, perhaps because it produces hydrogen sulfide which damages the inner lining of the gut, making it more leaky and increasing cell turnover; such foods include meat (especially red meat), eggs, alcohol, nuts, cheese, broccoli, various animal protein and processed foods like bread, beer, sausages, dried fruit; milk and other dairy products were not a problem <https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/09/040916103144.htm> (see the earlier reference to treating Crohn's with viagra) oral theophylline (a PDE4 inhibitor/adenosine receptor antagonist) is effective for patients with COPD [PMID 16456383]; theophylline blocks TGF-B-driven fibrosis of lung fibroblasts partly via a cAMP/PKA pathway [PMID 16430859] a gene (GCN2) that tells mice to eat a well-balanced diet and yeast to make bread rise also selectively silences the immune system; GCN2 responds to low amino acid levels; GCN2 is a nutrition sensor in yeast telling it it has enough nutrients to grow; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is expressed in the GI tract and tonsils where the immune system regularly meets foreign substances it might need to ignore; IDO protects the fetus from rejection during pregnancy; tumors and persistent viruses can hijack the IDO mechanism to hide from attack; IDO degrades tryptophan which is essential to T-cell survival; this doesn¹t kill the T-cell but does render it selectively non-responsive; the T-cells in GCN2 knockout mice ignore IDO so GCN2 is necessary for immune tolerance <https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050518103418.htm>; IDO represses the immune system by degrading tryptophan (the precursor to serotonin) which is important to the function of T-cells; tumors can recruit IDO secreting dendritic cells to protect themselves from the immune system <https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/07/040716081345.htm> Print references Carper, Jean, The Food Pharmacy, Bantam, 1988. Chaitow, Leon, D.O., N.D., Amino Acids in Therapy, Healing Arts Press, 1988. Mindell, Earl, Vitamin Bible, Warner, 1991. Murray, Richard, D.C., Lactose, Institute of Practical Biochemistry 1: 1, part B. Schmitt, Walter, Jr., D.C.,Molybdenum for candida albicans patients and other problems, Digest of Chiropractic Economics 31: 4, Jan-Feb, 1991. Schmitt, Walter, Jr., D.C., The clorox test: a screening device for free radical pathology, Digest of Chiropractic Economics 30:2 & 30:3, Sept-Oct, Nov-Dec, 1987."</blockquote>

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