Ein weiterer ausführlicher Bericht:
Possible lethal effects of CS tear gas on
Branch Davidians during the
FBI raid on the Mount Carmel compound near Waco, Texas
April 19, 1993
Prepared for The Office of Special Counsel
John C. Danforth by Prof. Dr. Uwe Heinrich
Hannover, Germany, September, 2000
There are various preparations of CS and various techniques to make CS
airborne in an inhalable form. In Waco, a solution of CS in MC, contained in non-explosive projectiles and CO2 pressurized canisters, was used to insert the CS. Dispersed as droplets from this fluid, fine particles of crystalline CS emerged after instantaneous evaporation of MC.
CS is a white crystalline product with a melting point of 94 ° Celsius and a boiling point of 310 - 315 ° Celsius. CS is soluble in organic solvents. In methylene chloride (MC) at room temperature, the solubility of CS is approximately 39 % by weight; in acetone, the solubility is approximately 42 % (Edgewood Arsenal Technical Report 4301, Weimer et al. 1969).
The solubility of CS in water, on the other hand, is very low (2 x 10
-4 M). CS is hydrolyzed in water and the products of this hydrolysis are o-chlorobenzaldehyde and malononitrile. Hydrolysis means the cleavage of a molecule, in this case CS, by the addition of water. Hydrolysis is important in toxicology and is catalyzed by a large number of different hydrolytic enzymes. Because of this process, the amount of CS in water or water-containing fluids is reduced by 50 % within 14 minutes at pH 7.4 and 25 ° Celsius, or within 0.17 minutes at pH 11.4 and 25 ° Celsius. The time required to reduce the amount of a substance by 50 % is called the half-life of this substance. In acid solutions of pH 4 and below, CS is quite stable. The watery lining fluid of the respiratory tract has a pH value of approx. 7, but inside the organelles of the alveolar macrophages (cells that take up material deposited on the surface of the alveoli), the pH is between 4 and 5. The normal decomposition of CS produces CN, C2H2, HCl, NOx, CO, COCl2, and N2O.
Die normale Zersetzung von CS produziert: CN, C2H2, HCl, NOx, CO, COCl2, and N2O.
Preparations of CS used to generate CS-containing atmospheres are the
following: (1) CS melted and sprayed in the molten form; (2) spraying of CS dissolved in methylene chloride (10 %) or in acetone (5 %); (3) dispersion of CS2 as dry powder [CS2 is a siliconized, micropulverized form of CS with improved flow properties and greater weather resistance (95 % micropulverized CS with silica (Cab-o-sil) treated with hexamethyldisilazone); this mixture prevents agglomeration, increases flowability and also markedly increases hydrophobicity]; and (4) dispersion of CS from thermal grenades by generation of hot gases. The particle size (mass median diameter) of the CS aerosol generated from MC/acetone solution, by spraying melted CS or firing thermal grenades is reported to be in the range of 0.5 - 2 μm. Particle size can vary
depending on the generated droplet size of the dispersed fluid and in respect of powders on the micronization process used.
Bitte auf Seite 8 2b weiter lesen - Metabolite/Reaktionsprodukte von CS im Säugetier-Organismus
Dieser Abschnitt und weiteres könnten Anhaltspunkte für eine Behandlung liefern.
https://www.veritagiustizia.it/docs/gas_cs/CS_Effects_Waco.pdf